Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, X and Y are at quarrel. It suddenly develops into a fight in…

Under Exception 4 to Section 101 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (formerly Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC), culpable homicide is not murder if it is committed without premeditation in a sudden fight in the heat of passion upon a sudden quarrel and without the offender having taken undue advantage or acted in a cruel or unusual manner. Because the quarrel between X and Y escalated suddenly into a mutual fight without premeditation and Y succumbed to the injuries inflicted during that fight, the offence is reduced from murder to culpable homicide not amounting to murder, punishable under Section 105 BNS (formerly Section 304 IPC).