Under section 52 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, the court ____.

Section 52 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (formerly section 57 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872) directs the court to take judicial notice of the enumerated facts: it uses a mandatory rule rather than a general discretion to ignore them. The court may consult appropriate reference works and may refuse to take notice of a particular requested fact until the necessary book or document is produced. That verification safeguard does not change the basic duty. The updated list also includes India’s international treaties, agreements and conventions and decisions made by India at international bodies.