Under Section 152 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, which one of the following is sufficient to…

Under Section 152 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (which replaced Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code, 1860), whoever, purposely or knowingly, by words (spoken or written), signs, visible representation, electronic communication, use of financial means, or otherwise, excites or attempts to excite secession, armed rebellion, or subversive activities, or encourages feelings of separatist activities, or endangers the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India, commits an offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment which may extend to seven years and fine. Under the Explanation to Section 152, comments expressing disapprobation of the measures or administrative or other action of the Government with a view to obtain their alteration by lawful means, without exciting or attempting to excite the prohibited activities referred to in the section, do not constitute an offence.