Code of Civil Procedure CPC 02 Execution

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Civil Procedure Code, 1908

Part II – Execution

Section 36 – Application to orders

The provisions of this Code relating to the execution of decree (including provisions relating to payment under a decree) shall, so far as they are applicable, be deemed to apply to the execution of orders (including payment an order).

Section 37 – Definition of Court which passed a decree

The expression “Court which passed a decree”, or words to that effect, shall, in relation to the execution of decrees, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context, be deemed to include –

1. where the decree to be executed has been passed in the exercise of appellate jurisdiction, the Court of first instance, and
2. where the Court of first instance has ceased to exist or to have jurisdiction to execute it, the Court which, if the suit wherein the decree was passed was instituted at the time of making the application for the execution of the decree, would have jurisdiction to try such suit.

Explanation – The Court of first instance does not cease to have jurisdiction to execute a decree merely on the ground that after the institution of the suit wherein the decree was passed or after the passing of the decree, any area has been transferred from the jurisdiction of that Court to the jurisdiction of any other Court; but in every such case, such other Court shall also have jurisdiction to execute the decree, if at the time of making the application for execution of the decree it would have jurisdiction to try the said suit.

Section 38 – Court by which decree may be executed

A decree may be executed either by the court which passed it, or by the Court to which it is sent for execution.

Section 39 – Transfer of decree

1. The Court which passed a decree may, on the application of the decree – holder, send it for execution to another Court of competent jurisdiction –
   1. if the person against whom the decree is passed actually and voluntarily resides or carries on business, or personally works for gain, within the local limits of the jurisdiction of such other Court, or
   2. if such person has not property with in the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court which passed the decree sufficient to satisfy such decree and has property within the local limits of the jurisdiction of such other Court, or
   3. if the decree directs the sale or delivery of immovable property situate outside the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court which passed it, or
   4. if the Court which passed the decree considers for any other reason, which it shall record in writing, that the decree should be executed by such other Court.
2. The Court which passed the decree may of its own motion send it for execution to any subordinate Court of competent jurisdiction.
3. For the purposes of this section, a Court shall be deemed to be a Court of competent jurisdiction if, at the time of making the application for the transfer of decree to it, such Court would have jurisdiction to try the suit in which such decree was passed.

STATE AMENDMENTS

Uttar Pradesh – Sub – section (3) of section 39 shall be substituted. “(3) For the purpose of this section, a court shall be deemed to be a court of competent jurisdiction if the amount or value of the subject matter of the suit wherein the decree was passed does not exceed the pecuniary limits if any of its ordinary jurisdiction at the time of making the application for the transfer of decree to it, notwithstanding that it had otherwise no jurisdiction to try the suit”.

Section 40 – Transfer of decree to Court in another State

Where a decree is sent for execution in another State, it shall be sent to such Court and executed in such manner as may be prescribed by rules in force in that State.

Section 41 – Result of execution proceedings to be certified

The Court to which a decree is sent for execution shall certify to the Court which passed it the fact of such execution, or where the former Court fails to execute the same the circumstances attending such failure.

Section 42 – Powers of Court in executing transferred decree

1. The Court executing a decree sent to it shall have the same powers in executing such decree as if it had been passed by itself. All persons disobeying or obstructing the execution of the decree shall be punishable by such Court in the same manner as if it had passed the decree. And its order in executing such decree shall be subject to the same rules in respect of appeal as if the decree had been passed by itself.
2. Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub – section (1) the powers of the Court under that sub – section shall include the following powers of the Court passed the decree, namely –
   1. power to send the decree for execution to another Court under section 39;
   2. power to execute the decree against the legal representative of the deceased judgment – debtor under section 50;
   3. power to order attachment of a decree.
3. A Court passing an order in exercise of the powers specified in sub – section (2) shall send a copy thereof to the Court which passed the decree.
4. Nothing in this section shall be deemed to confer on the Courts to which a decree is sent for execution any of the following powers, namely –
   1. power to order execution at the instance of the transferee of the decree;
   2. in the case of a decree passed against a firm, power to grant leave to execute such decree against any person other than such a person as is referred to in clause (b), or clause (c), of sub – rule (1) of rule 50 of Order XXI.

STATE AMENDMENTS

Uttar Pradesh – Section 42 shall be substituted by following. “42. Power of Court in executing transferred decree – (1) The court executing a decree sent to it shall have the same powers in executing such decree as if it had been passed by itself. All persons disobeying or obstructing the decree shall be punishable by such court in the same manner as if it had passed the decree, and its order in executing such decree shall be subject to the same rules in respect of appeal as if the decree had been passed by itself. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub – section (1) the powers of the court under that sub – section shall include the following powers of the court which passed the decree, namely – (a) power to send the decree for execution to another court under section 39. (b) power to execute the decree against the legal representative of the deceased judgment debtor under section 50. (c) power to order attachment of a decree. (d) power to decide any question relating to the bar of limitation to the executability of the decree. (e) power to record payment or adjustment under Rule 2 of order XXI. (f) power to order stay of execution under Rule 29 Order XXI. (g) in the case of a decree passed against a firm power to grant leave to execute such decree against any person other than a person as is referred to in clause (b) or clause (c) of sub – rule (1) of Rule 50 of Order XXI. (3) A court passing an order in exercise of the powers specified in sub – section (2) shall send a copy there of to the court which passed the decree. (4) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to confer on the court to which a decree is sent for execution, the power to order execution at the instance of the transfer of a decree”.

Section 43 – Execution of decrees passed by Civil Courts in places to which this Code does not extend

Any decree passed by any Civil Court established in any part of India to which the provisions of this Code do not extend, or by any Court established or continued by the authority of the Central Government outside India, may, if it cannot be executed within the jurisdiction of the Court by which it was passed, be executed in the manner herein provided within the jurisdiction of any Court in the territories to which this Code extends.

Section 44 – Execution of decrees passed by Revenue Court in places to which this Code does not extend

The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare that the decrees of any Revenue Court in any part of India to which the provisions of this Code do not extend or any class of such decrees, may be executed in the State as if they had been passed by Courts in that State.

Section 44A – Execution of decrees passed by Courts in reciprocating territory

1. Where a certified copy of decree of any of the superior Courts of any reciprocating territory has been filed in a District Court, the decree may be executed in India as if it had been passed by the District Court.
2. Together with the certified copy of the decree shall be filed a certificate from such superior Court stating the extent, if any, to which the decree has been satisfied or adjusted and such certificate shall, for the purposes of proceedings under this section, be conclusive proof of the extent of such satisfaction or adjustment.
3. The provisions of section 47 shall as from the filing of the certified copy of the decree apply to the proceedings of a District Court executing a decree under this section, and the District Court shall refuse execution of any such decree, if it is shown to the satisfaction of the Court that the decree falls within any of the exceptions specified in clauses (a) to (f) of section 13.

Explanations

1. “Reciprocating territory” means any country or territory outside India which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare to be a reciprocating territory for the purposes of this section; and “superior Courts”, with reference to any such territory, means such Courts as may be specified in the said notification.
2. “Decree” with reference to a superior Court means any decree or judgment of such Court under which a sum of money is payable, not being a sum payable in respect of taxes or other charges of a like nature or in respect to a fine or other penalty, but shall in no case include an arbitration award, even if such an award is enforceable as a decree or judgment.

Section 45 – Execution of decrees outside India

So much of the foregoing sections of this Part as empowers a Court to send a decree for execution to another Court shall be construed as empowering a Court in any State to send a decree for execution to any Court established by the authority of the Central Government outside India to which the State Government has by notification in the Official Gazette declared this section to apply.

STATE AMENDMENTS

Pondicherry – After section 45 insert the following – “45 – A. Execution of decrees etc. passed or made before the Commencement of the Code in Pondicherry – Any Judgment, decree or order passed or made before the Commencement of this Code by any Civil Court in the Union Territory of Pondicherry shall for the purpose of execution be deemed to have been passed or made under this Code. Provided that nothing contained in this section shall be construed as extending the period of limitation to which any proceeding in respect of such judgment decree or order may be subject.”

Section 46 – Precepts

1. Upon the application of the decree – holder the Court which passed the decree may, whenever it thinks fit, issue a precept to any other Court which would be competent to execute such decree to attach any property belonging to the judgment – debtor and specified in the precept.
2. The Court to which a precept is sent shall proceed to attach the property in the manner prescribed in regard to the attachment of property in execution of a decree;

Provided that no attachment under a precept shall continue for more than two months unless the period of attachment is extended by an order of the Court which passed the decree or unless before the determination of such attachment the decree has been transferred to the Court by which the attachment has been made and the decree – holder has applied for an order for the sale of such property.

Section 47 – Questions to be determined by the Court executing decree

1. All questions arising between the parties to the suit in which the decree was passed, or their representatives, and relating to the execution, discharge or satisfaction of the decree, shall be determined by the Court executing the decree and not by a separate suit.
2. ***
3. Where a question arises as to whether any person is or is not the representative of a party, such question shall, for the purposes of this section, be determined by the Court.

Explanations

1. For the purposes of this section, a plaintiff whose suit has been dismissed and a defendant against whom a suit has been dismissed are parties to the suit.
2. –
   1. For the purposes of this section, a purchaser of property at a sale in execution of a decree shall be deemed to be a party to the suit in which the decree is passed; and
   2. All questions relating to the delivery of possession of such property to such purchaser or his representative shall be deemed to be questions relating to the execution, discharge or satisfaction of the decree within the meaning of this section.

Section 48 – Execution barred in certain cases

Rep. by the limitation Act, 1963 (36 of 1963), s. 28 (with effect from the 1st January, 1964)

Section 49 – Transferee

Every transferee of a decree shall hold the same subject to the equities (if any) which the judgment – debtor might have enforced against the original decree – holder.

Section 50 – Legal representative

1. Where a judgment – debtor dies before the decree has been fully satisfied, the holder of the decree may apply to the Court which passed it to execute the same against the legal representative of the deceased.
2. Where the decree is executed against such legal representative, he shall be liable only to the extent of the property of the deceased which has come to his hands and has not been duly disposed of; and, for the purpose of ascertaining such liability, the Court executing the decree may, of its own motion or on the application of the decree – holder, compel such legal representative to produce such accounts as it thinks fit.

Section 51 – Powers of Court to enforce execution

Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be prescribed, the Court may, on the application of the decree – holder, order execution of the decree –

1. by delivery of any property specifically decreed;
2. by attachment and sale or by the sale without attachment of any property;
3. by arrest and detention in prison for such period not exceeding the period specified in section 58, where arrest and detention is permissible under that section;
4. by appointing a receiver; or
5. in such other manner as the nature of the relief granted may require;

Provided that, where the decree is for the payment of money, execution by detention in prison shall not be ordered unless, after giving the judgment – debtor an opportunity of showing cause why he should not be committed to prison, the Court, for reasons recorded in writing, is satisfied –

1. that the judgment – debtor, with the object or effect of obstructing or delaying the execution of the decree –
   1. is likely to abscond or leave the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court, or
   2. has, after the institution of the suit in which the decree was passed, dishonestly transferred, concealed, or removed any part of his property, or committed any other act of bad faith in relation to his property, or
2. that the judgment – debtor has, or has had since the date of the decree, the means to pay the amount of the decree or some substantial part thereof and refuses or neglects or has refused or neglected to pay the same, or
3. that the decree is for a sum for which the judgment – debtor was bound in a fiduciary capacity to account.

Explanation – In the calculation of the means of the judgment – debtor for the purposes of clause (b), there shall be left out of account any property which, by or under any law or custom having the force of law for the time being in force, is exempt from attachment in execution of the decree.

STATE AMENDMENTS

Uttar Pradesh – In section 51 of the Code Clause (bb) shall be inserted after clause (b). “(bb) by transfer other than sale by attachment or without attachment of any property”

Section 52 – Enforcement of decree against legal representative

1. Where a decree is passed against a party as the legal representative of a deceased person, and the decree is for the payment of money out of the property of the deceased, it may be executed by the attachment and sale of any such property.
2. Where no such property remains in the possession of the judgment – debtor and he fails to satisfy the Court that he has duly applied such property of the deceased as is proved to have come into his possession, the decree may be executed against the judgment – debtor to the extent of the property in respect of which he has failed so to satisfy the Court in the same manner as if the decree had been against him personally.

Section 53 – Liability of ancestral property

For the purposes of section 50 and section 52, property in the hands of a son or other descendant which is liable under Hindu law for the payment of the debt of a deceased ancestor, in respect of which a decree has been passed, shall be deemed to be property of the deceased which has come to the hands of the son or other descendant as his legal representative.

Section 54 – Partition of estate or separation of share

Where the decree is for the partition of an undivided estate assessed to the payment of revenue to the Government, or for the separate possession of a share of such an estate, the partition of the estate or the separation of the share shall be made by the Collector or any gazetted subordinate of the Collector deputed by him in this behalf, in accordance with the law (if any) for the time being in force relating to the partition, or the separate possession shares, of such estates.

Section 55 – Arrest and detention

1. A judgment – debtor may be arrested in execution of a decree at any hour and on any day, and shall, as soon as practicable, be brought before the Court, and his detention may be in the civil prison of the district in which the Court ordering the detention is situate, or, where such civil prison does not afford suitable accommodation, in any other place which the State Government may appoint for the detention of persons ordered by the Courts of such district to be detained; Provided, firstly, that, for the purpose of making an arrest under this section, no dwelling – house shall be entered after sunset and before sunrise; Provided, secondly, that no outer door of a dwelling – house shall be broken open unless such dwelling – house is in the occupancy of the judgment – debtor and he refuses or in any way prevents access thereto, but when the officer authorised to make the arrest has duly gained access to any dwelling – house, he may break open the door of any room in which he has reason to believe the judgment – debtor is to be found; Provided, thirdly, that, if the room is in the actual occupancy of a woman who is not the judgment – debtor and who according to the customs of the country does not appear in public, the officer authorised to make the arrest shall give notice to her that she is at liberty to withdraw, and, after allowing a reasonable time for her to withdraw and giving her reasonable facility for withdrawing, may enter the room for the purpose of making the arrest; Provided, fourthly, that, where the decree in execution of which a judgment – debtor is arrested, is a decree for the payment of money and the judgment – debtor pays the amount of the decree and the costs of the arrest to the officer arresting him, such officer shall at once release him.
2. The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare that any person or class of persons whose arrest might be attended with danger or inconvenience to the public shall not be liable to arrest in execution of a decree otherwise than in accordance with such procedure as may be prescribed by the State Government in this behalf.
3. Where a judgment – debtor is arrested in execution of a decree for the payment of money and brought before the Court, the Court shall inform him that he may apply to be declared an insolvent, and that he may be discharged, if he has not committed any act of bad faith regarding the subject of the application and if he complies with provisions of the law of insolvency for the time being in force.
4. Where a judgment – debtor express his intention to apply to be declared an insolvent and furnishes security, to the satisfaction of the Court, that he will within one month so apply, and that he will appear, when called upon, in any proceeding upon the application or upon the decree in execution of which he was arrested, the Court may release him from arrest, and, if he fails so to apply and to appear, the Court may either direct the security to be realised or commit him to the civil prison in execution of the decree.

Section 56 – Prohibition of arrest or detention of women in execution of decree for money

Notwithstanding anything in this Part, the Court shall not order the arrest or detention in the civil prison of a woman in execution of a decree for the payment of money.

Section 57 – Subsistence allowance

The State Government may fix scales, graduated according to rank, race and nationality, of monthly allowances payable for the subsistence of judgment – debtors.

Section 58 – Detention and release

1. Every person detained in the civil prison in execution of a decree shall be so detained –

a. where the decree is for the payment of a sum of money exceeding one thousand rupees, for a period not exceeding three months, and

b. where the decree is for the payment of a sum of money exceeding five hundred rupees, but not exceeding one thousand rupees, for a period not exceeding six weeks;

Provided that he shall be released from such detention before the expiration of the said period of detention –

1. on the amount mentioned in the warrant for his detention being paid to the officer in charge of the civil prison, or
2. on the decree against him being otherwise fully satisfied, or
3. on the request of the person on whose application he has been so detained, or
4. on the omission by the person, on whose application he has been so detained, to pay subsistence allowance;

Provided, also, that he shall not be released from such detention under clause (ii) or clause (iii), without the order of the Court.

1A. For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that no order for detention of the judgment – debtor in civil prison in execution of a decree for the payment of money shall be made, where the total amount of the decree does not exceed five hundred rupees.

2. A judgment – debtor released from detention under this section shall not merely by reason of his release be discharged from his debt, but he shall not be liable to be re – arrested under the decree in execution of which he was detained in the civil prison.

Section 59 – Release on ground of illness

1. At any time after a warrant for the arrest of a judgment – debtor has been issued the Court may cancel it on ground of his serious illness.
2. Where a judgment – debtor has been arrested, the Court may release him if, in its opinion, he is not in a fit state of health to be detained in the civil prison.
3. Where a judgment – debtor has been committed to the civil prison, he may be released therefrom –
   1. by the State Government, on the ground of the existence of any infectious or contagious disease, or
   2. by the committing Court, or any Court to which that Court is subordinate, on the ground of his suffering from any serious illness.
4. A judgment – debtor released under this section may be re – arrested, but the period of his detention in the civil prison shall not in the aggregate exceed that prescribed by section 58.

Section 60 – Property liable to attachment and sale in execution of decree

1. The following property is liable to attachment and sale in execution of a decree, namely, lands, houses or other buildings, goods, money, banknotes, cheques, bills of exchange, hundis, promissory notes, Government securities, bonds or other securities for money, debts, shares in corporation and, save as hereinafter mentioned, all other saleable property, movable or immovable, belonging to the judgment – debtor, or over which, or the profits of which, he has a disposing power which he may exercise for his own benefit, whether the same be held in the name of the judgment – debtor or by another person in trust for him or on his behalf;

Provided that the following particulars shall not be liable to such attachment or sale, namely –

1. the necessary wearing – apparel, cooking vessels, beds and bedding of the judgment – debtor, his wife and children, and such personal ornaments as, in accordance with religious usage, cannot be parted with by any woman;
2. tools of artisans, and, where the judgment – debtor is an agriculturist, his implements of husbandry and such cattle and seed – grain as may, in the opinion of the court, be necessary to enable him to earn his livelihood as such, and such portion of agricultural produce or of any class of agricultural produce as may have been declared to be free from liability under the provisions of the next following section;
3. houses and other buildings (with the materials and the sites thereof and the land immediately appurtenant thereto and necessary for their enjoyment) belonging to an agriculturist or a labourer or a domestic servant and occupied by him;
4. books of account;
5. a mere right to sue for damages;
6. any right of personal service;
7. stipends and gratuities allowed to pensioners of the government or of a local authority or of any other employer or payable out of any service pension fund notified in the Official Gazette by the Central Government or the State government in this behalf, and political pension;
8. the wages of labourers and domestic servants, whether payable in money or in kind;
9. salary to the extent of the first four hundred rupees and two third of the remainder in execution of any decree other than a decree for maintenance; Provided that where any part of such portion of the salary as is liable to attachment has been under attachment, whether continuously or intermittently, for a total period of twenty – four months, such portion sail be exempt from attachment until the expiry of a further period of twelve months, and, where such attachment has been made in execution of one and the same decree, shall, after the attachment has continued for a total period of twenty – four months, be finally exempt from attachment in execution of that decree. (ia) one – third of the salary in execution of any decree for maintenance;
10. the pay and allowances of persons to whom the Air Force Act, 1950 (45 of 1950), or the Army Act, 1950 (46 of 1950), or the Navy Act (62 of 1957), applies;
11. all compulsory deposits and other sums in or derived from and fund to which the Provident funds Act, 1925, (19 of 1925), for the time being applies in so far as they are declared by the said Act not to be liable to attachment; (ka) all deposits and other sums in or derived from any fund to which the Public Provident Fund Act, 1968 (23 of 1968) for the time being applies in so far as they are declared by the said Act as not to be liable to attachment; (kb) all moneys payable under a policy of insurance on the life of the judgment – debtor; (kc) the interest of a lessee of a residential building to which the provisions of law for the time being in force relating to control of rents and accommodation apply;
12. any allowance forming part of the emoluments of any servant of the Government or of any servant of a railway company or local authority which the appropriate Government may by notification in the Official Gazette declare to be exempt from attachment, and any subsistence grant for allowance made to any such servant while under suspension;
13. an expectancy of succession by survivorship or other merely contingent or possible right or interest;
14. a right to future maintenance;
15. any allowance declared by any Indian law to be exempt from liability to attachment or sale in execution of a decree; and
16. where the judgment – debtor is a person liable for the payment of land – revenue; any movable property which, under any law for the time being applicable to him, is exempt from sale for the recovery of an arrears of such revenue.

Explanations

1. The moneys payable in relation to the matters mentioned in clauses (g), (h), (i), (ia), (j), (l) and ° are exempt from attachment or sale, whether before or after they are actually payable, and, in the case of salary, the attachable portion thereof is liable to attachment, whether before or after it is actually payable.
2. In clauses (i) and (ia), “salary” means the total monthly emoluments, excluding any allowance declared exempt from attachment under the provisions of clause (i) derived by a person from his employment whether on duty or on leave.
3. In Clause (l), “appropriate Government” means –
   1. as respect any person in the service of the Central Government, or any servant of a Railway Administration or of a cantonment authority or of the port authority of a major port, the Central Government;
   2. as respects any other servant of the Government or a servant of any other local authority skilled the State Government.
4. For the purposes of this proviso, “wages”, includes bonus, and labourer” includes a skilled/unskilled or semi – skilled labourer.
5. For the purposes of this proviso, the expression “agriculturist” means a person who cultivates land personally and who depends for his livelihood mainly on the income from agricultural land, whether as owner, tenant, partner or agricultural labourer.
6. For the purposes of Explanation V, an agriculturist shall be deemed to cultivate land personally, if he cultivates land –
   1. by his own labour, or
   2. by the labour of any member of his family, or
   3. by servants or labourers on wages payable in case or in kind (not being as a share of the produce), or both.

1A. Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, an agreement by which a person agrees to waive the benefit on any exemption under this section shall be void.

2. Nothing in this section shall be deemed to exempt houses and other buildings (with the materials and the sites thereof and the land immediately appurtenant thereto and necessary for their enjoyment) from attachment or sale in execution of decrees for rent of any such house, building, site or land.

STATE AMENDMENTS

Andhra Pradesh – In its application to Andhra area of the State of Andhra Pradesh in section 60(1) clause (g) of the proviso after the words “pensioners of the Government” the words “or a local authority” shall be inserted. In its application to whole of State of A.P. in proviso to sub – section (1) of section 60. (i) after clause (k) the following shall be inserted. “(kk) amount payable under policies issued in pursuance of the Rules for the Andhra Pradesh Govt. life Insurance and Provident Fund”. (ii) after Explanation 2 insert the following: “Explanation 2A – Where any sum payable to a Government servant is exempt from attachment under the provisions of clause (kk), such sum shall remain exempt from attachment notwithstanding the fact that owing to the death of the Govt. servant it is payable to some other person”. In its application to Hyderabad area of Andhra Pradesh: (i) after clause (g) of the proviso to section 60 (1) insert the following: “(gg) pension granted or continued by the Central Govt. the Govt. of Hyderabad or any other State Govt. on account of part services or present infirmities or as a compassionate allowance and.” (ii) In Explanation 2A, for the words brackets and letter “Clause (kk)” substitute “Clause (gg) or Clause (kk)”. In its application to the State of Andhra Pradesh: (i) After clause (kk) of Section 60(1) proviso the following inserted: “(kkk) amounts payable under the Andhra Pradesh State Employees Family Benefit Fund Rules.” (ii) For the words “(kk)’, in Explanation 2A, the words “(kkk) inserted.

Gujarat – (i) In section 60(1) after clause (g) insert the following. “(gg) stipends and gratuities allowed to pensioners of a local authority”. (ii) Explanation 1, after the word “(g)” insert “(gg)”.

Himachal Pradesh – (i) In section 60 (1) at the end of Clause (c) insert the following. “or compensation paid for such houses and buildings (including compensation for the materials and the sites and the land referred to above) acquired for public purpose”. (ii) After clause (c), clause (cc) shall be inserted. “(cc) Compensation paid for agricultural lands belonging to agriculturists and acquired for public purpose”.

Karnataka – In section 60 (1) after clause (p) the following shall be inserted in its application to Karnataka (except Bellary District). “(pp) Where the judgment – debtor is a servant of the State Govt. who has insured his life under the rules in force relating to the official branch of Karnataka Govt. Life Insurance Department – (1) in the case of insurance effected prior to the ninth day of may, 1911 the whole of the bonus payable or paid thereunder to such servant, or in the event of his death to his nominee or other person or persons entitled to such bonus under the said rules, and (2) in the case of Insurance effected on or after the ninth day of May, 1911, and such insurance is Compulsory premia payable or paid to such servant or in the event of his death to his nominee or other person or persons entitled to such bonus under the said rules.

Kerala – After clause (g) the following clause (gg) shall be inserted – “(gg) all moneys payable to the beneficiaries under the Family Benefit Scheme for the employee of the Government of Kerala.

Maharashtra – (i) In section 60(1) after clause (g) of the proviso insert the following – “(gg) in the Hyderabad area of the State of Maharashtra any pension granted or continued by the Central Govt. or the Govt. of the former State of Hyderabad or any other State Govt. on account of part services or present infirmities or as a compassionate allowance which is not covered by clause (g)”. (ii) after clause (kb) insert the following – “(kbb) the amounts payable under the policies issued in pursuance of the Rules for the Hyderabad State Life Insurance and Provident Fund, which are not covered under clause (ka) or (kb)”.

Punjab and Haryana – (i) In clause (c) of the proviso to section 60 (1) for the words “occupied by him” substitute the following – “not proved by the decree holder to have been let out on rent or lent to persons other than his father mother, wife, son, daughter, daughter in law, brother, sister or other dependents or left vacant for a period of a year or more”. (ii) after clause (c) insert the following – “(cc) milch animals, whether in milk or in calf, animals used for the purposes of transport or draught cart and open spaces or enclosures belonging to an agriculturist and required for use in case of need for tying cattle parking carts or stacking fodder or manure. (ccc) one main residential house and other buildings attached to it (with the material and the sites there of and the land immediately appurtenant there to and necessary for there enjoyment belonging to a judgment – debtor other than an agriculturist and occupied by him; Provided that the protection afforded by this clause shall not extend to any property specifically charged with the debt sought to be recovered”. (iii) after sub – section (2) insert the following sub – sections. “(3) Notwithstanding any other law for the time being in force an agreement by which a debtor agrees to waive any benefit of any exemption under this section shall be void. (4) For the purposes of this section the word `agriculturist’ shall include every person whether as owner tenant partner or agricultural labour who depends for his livelihood mainly on income from agricultural land as defined in the Punjab Alienation of Land Act. 1910. (5) Every member of a tribe notified as agricultural under the Punjab Alienation of Land Act, 1900 and every member of a scheduled caste shall be presumed to be as agriculturist until the contrary is provided. (6) No order for attachment shall be made unless the court is satisfied that the property sought to be attached is not exempt from attachment or sale”.

Rajasthan – (i) In clause (b) of section 60 (1) after the word `Agriculturist’ the words `his milch cattle and those likely to calve within two years’ shall be inserted. (ii) after clause (k) of the proviso to section 60 (1) insert the following. “(kk) moneys payable under life Insurance Certificates issued in pursuance of the Rajasthan Govt. Servants Insurance Rules, 1953”. (iii) after Explanation 3 insert the following: “Explanation 4 – Where any money payable to a Govt. servant of the state is exempt from attachment under the provision contained in clause (kk), such money shall remain exempt from the attachment notwithstanding the fact there owing to the death of a Govt. servant it is payable to some other person”.

Tamil Nadu – “Section 60 (1), clause (g) of the proviso after the words “stipends and gratuities allowed to the pensioners of the Govt.” insert the words “or of a local authority”.

Union Territory of Chandigarh – Same as in Punjab and Haryana.

Union Territory of Pondicherry – Same as in Tamil Nadu.

Uttar Pradesh – In section 60 (1) after Explanation 1 add the following: “Explanation 1 – A – Particulars mentioned in clause (c) are exempt from sale in execution of a decree whether passed before or after the commencement of the Code of Civil Procedure (United Provinces) Amendment Act, 1948 for enforcement of a mortgage of charge thereon”.

Section 61 – Partial exemption of agricultural produce

The State Government may, by general or special order published in the Official Gazette, declare that such portion of agricultural produce, or of any class of agricultural produce, as may appear to the State Government to be necessary for the purpose of providing until the next harvest the due cultivation of the land and for the support of the judgment – debtor and his family, shall, in the case of all agriculturists or of any class of agriculturists, be exempted from liability to attachment or sale in exaction of a decree.

Section 62 – Seizure of property in dwelling – house

1. No person executing any process under this Code directing or authorizing seizure of movable property shall enter any dwelling – house after sunset and before sunrise.
2. No outer door of a dwelling – house shall be broken open unless such dwelling – house is in the occupancy of the judgment – debtor and he refuses or in any way prevents access thereto, but when the person executing any such process has duly gained access to any dwelling – house, he may break open the door of any room in which he has reason to believe any such property to be.
3. Where a room in a dwelling – house is in the actual occupancy of a woman who, according to the customs of the country, does not appear in public, the person executing the process shall give notice to such woman that she is at liberty to withdraw; and, after allowing reasonable time for her to withdraw and giving her reasonable facility for withdrawing, he may enter such room for the purpose of seizing the property, using at the same time every precaution, consistent with these provisions, to prevent its clandestine removal.

Section 63 – Property attached in execution of decrees of several Courts

1. Where property not in the custody of any Court is under attachment in execution of decrees of more Courts than one, the Court which shall receive or realize such property and shall determine any claim thereto any objection to the attachment thereof shall be the Court of highest grade, or, where there is no difference in grade between such Courts, the Court under whose decree the property was first attached.
2. Nothing in this section shall be deemed to invalidate any proceeding taken by a Court executing one of such decrees.

Explanation – For the purposes of sub – section (2), “proceeding taken by a Court” does not include an order allowing, to a decree – holder who has purchased property at a sale held in execution of a decree, set off to the extent of the purchase price payable by him.

Section 64 – Private alienation of property after attachment to be void

Where an attachment has been made, any private transfer or delivery of the property attached or of any interest there in and any payment to the judgment – debtor of any debt, dividend or other monies contrary to such attachment, shall be void as against all claims enforceable under the attachment.

Explanation – For the purposes of this section, claims enforceable under an attachment include claims for the rateable distribution of assets.

Section 65 – Purchaser’s title

Where immovable property is sold in execution of a decree and such sale has become absolute, the property shall be deemed to have vested in the purchaser from the time when the property is sold and not from the time when the sale becomes absolute.

Section 66 – ***

Section 67 – Power for State Government to make rules as to sales of land in execution of decrees for payment of money

1. The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for any local area imposing conditions in respect of the sale of any class of interests in land in execution of decrees for the payment of money, where such interests are so uncertain or undermined as, in the opinion of the State Government to make it impossible to fix their value.
2. When on the date on which this Code came into operation in any local area, any special rules as to sale of and in execution of decrees were in force therein, the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare such rules to be in force, or may by a like notification, modify the same. Every notification issued in the exercise of the powers conferred by this sub – section shall set out the rules so continued or modified.
3. Every rule made under this section shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before the State Legislature.

Section 68 – Rep. by the CPC (Amendment) Act, 1956

Section 69 – Rep. by the CPC (Amendment) Act, 1956

Section 70 – Rep. by the CPC (Amendment) Act, 1956

Section 71 – Rep. by the CPC (Amendment) Act, 1956

Section 72 – Rep. by the CPC (Amendment) Act, 1956

Section 73 – Proceeds of execution

Sale to be rateably distributed among decree – holders –

1. Where assets are held by a Court and more persons than one have, before the receipt of such assets, made application to the Court for the execution of decrees for the payment of money passed against the same judgment – debtor and have not obtained satisfaction thereof, the assets, after deducting the costs of realization, shall be rateably distributed among all such persons; Provided as follows –
   1. where any property is sold subject to a mortgage or charge, the mortgage or incumbrancer shall not be entitled to share in any surplus arising from such sale;
   2. where any property liable to be sold in execution of a decree is subject to a mortgage or charges the Court may, with the consent of the mortgagee or incumbrancer, order that the property be sold free from the mortgage or charge, giving to the mortgagee or incumbrancer the same interest in the proceeds of the sale as he had in the property sold;
   3. where any immovable property is sold in execution of a decree ordering its sale for the discharge of an incumbrance thereon, the proceeds of sale shall be applied – first, in defraying the expenses of the sale; secondly, in discharging the amount due under the decree; thirdly, in discharging the interest and principal moneys due on subsequent incumbrances (if any); and fourthly, rateably among the holders of decrees for the payment of money against the judgment debtor, who have, prior to the sale of the property, applied to the Court which passed the decree ordering such sale for execution of such decrees, and have not obtained satisfaction thereof.
2. Where all or any of the assets liable to be rateably distributed under this section are paid to a person not entitled to receive the same, any person so entitled may sue such person to compel him to refund the assets.
3. Nothing in this section affects any right of the Government.

Section 74 – Resistance to execution

Where the Court is satisfied that the holder of a decree for the possession of immovable property or that the purchaser of immovable property sold in execution of a decree has been resisted or obstructed in obtaining possession of the property by the judgment – debtor or some person on his behalf and that such resistance or obstruction was without any just cause, the Court may, at the instance of the decree – holder or purchaser, order the judgment – debtor or such other person to be detained in the civil prison for a term which may extend to thirty days and may further direct that the decree – holder or purchaser be put into possession of the property.

Important Central Acts in Regional Languages

Legislative department website also features regional language versions of several important Central Acts.

• Assamese
• Bengali
• Gujarati
• Kannada
• Malayalam
• Marathi
• Odia
• Punjabi
• Tamil
• Telugu
• Urdu