Which one of the following is not a feature of Barnard’s theory of formal organisation ?

In his classic work The Functions of the Executive (1938), Chester I. Barnard stated that a formal organization comes into existence when three essential elements are present: (1) Communication (persons able to communicate with each other), (2) Willingness to cooperate (to contribute action), and (3) a Common purpose. ‘General incentives’ belong to Barnard’s separate discussion of the economy of incentives rather than the three constitutive elements of formal organization.