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Which of the followings are tautology? A. (p∨r)→p B. p→(p∧r) C. ~p→(p→r) D. (p∧r)→(p→r) E. ~(p→r)→p

\((p\lor r)\to p\) fails when p is false and r is true, and \(p\to(p\land r)\) fails when p is true and r is false, so A and B are not tautologies. \(\lnot p\to(p\to r)\) is…

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Which of the followings are tautology?

  • A. (p∨r)→p
  • B. p→(p∧r)
  • C. ~p→(p→r)
  • D. (p∧r)→(p→r)
  • E. ~(p→r)→p
Select one answer
Answer and explanation

Correct answer D

(p∨r)→p(p\lor r)\to p fails when p is false and r is true, and p→(p∧r)p\to(p\land r) fails when p is true and r is false, so A and B are not tautologies. ¬p→(p→r)\lnot p\to(p\to r) is always true, because whenever ¬p\lnot p holds, p is false and p→rp\to r is true; (p∧r)→(p→r)(p\land r)\to(p\to r) is always true, because if p∧rp\land r holds then r is true. ¬(p→r)\lnot(p\to r) is equivalent to p∧¬rp\land\lnot r, which implies p, so E is a tautology too, giving C, D and E only.

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