Which of the following is an example of depreciation of natural capital?

Depreciation of natural capital refers to the depletion, exhaustion, or environmental degradation of natural resources and ecosystems due to economic extraction and production. - ('Restoring rivers rendered unusable due to dumping of industrial effluents'), ('Pollution-control activities by the public sector such as municipal waste treatment'), and ('Detoxifying unusable soils for urban or rural development') all represent environmental restoration and defensive protection activities that repair or mitigate damage. - ('Degradation and clearing of forest areas for years of open-cut mining') represents the direct depletion and destruction of forest and land ecosystems, which is an example of depreciation of natural capital. Therefore,