Which of the following forms of industrial conflict are not legally approved under the Industrial…

Strikes (a) and lock-outs (c) are recognised forms of industrial action that the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 regulates: section 62 prohibits them only in the circumstances it specifies, such as without sixty days’ notice or during the pendency of conciliation or adjudication proceedings, and section 63 makes a strike or lock-out illegal only if it is commenced or declared in contravention of section 62 or continued in contravention of an order under section 42(7) (formerly ss.22 to 24 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947).

By contrast, to stage, encourage or instigate coercive actions such as wilful ‘go-slow’ (d) or ‘gherao’ of any of the members of the managerial or other staff (b) is an unfair labour practice on the part of workers and Trade Unions under item 5 of Part II of the Second Schedule, which section 84 prohibits. Hence ‘b and d’ is correct.