Which of the following are the reasons for "Lay-off" as per the provisions of the Industrial Relations…

Section 2(t) of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 (formerly Section 2(kkk) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947) defines lay-off as the failure, refusal or inability of an employer, "on account of shortage of coal, power or raw materials or the accumulation of stocks or the break-down of machinery or natural calamity or for any other connected reason", to give employment to a worker whose name is borne on the muster rolls of his industrial establishment and who has not been retrenched. That covers A, C, D and E. A surplus of workers is a ground for retrenchment, which ends employment, not for lay-off, which is a temporary inability to give work.