Majority of industrial disputes are settled by which of the following machinery in India?

In India, most industrial disputes are resolved at the conciliation stage, through conciliation officers appointed under section 43 of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, who are charged with mediating in and promoting the settlement of industrial disputes; a settlement reached in conciliation proceedings under section 53 is recorded in a memorandum signed by the parties.

Matters not settled in conciliation may be taken to the Industrial Tribunal for adjudication by an application under section 53(6), and voluntary arbitration under section 42 is used comparatively rarely.