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In Chapter XV (‘Italy and India’), Mahatma Gandhi’s ‘Hind Swaraj’ defends the moral ideal of

In Chapter XV (‘Italy and India’) of Hind Swaraj (1909), Mahatma Gandhi distinguishes sharply between Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi. Gandhi defends Mazzini’s moral…

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In Chapter XV (‘Italy and India’), Mahatma Gandhi’s ‘Hind Swaraj’ defends the moral ideal of

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In Chapter XV (‘Italy and India’) of Hind Swaraj (1909), Mahatma Gandhi distinguishes sharply between Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi. Gandhi defends Mazzini’s moral and democratic vision of Italy—in which true freedom meant the spiritual and civic emancipation of the whole people—while arguing that the unified Italian kingdom created through Garibaldi’s armed struggle and Cavour’s diplomacy left the Italian masses under nominal independence rather than genuine Swaraj.

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