The provisions of clauses (a) and (c) of sub-section (1) of Section 9 of the Trade Marks Act, 1999 are…

Section 69(a) of the Trade Marks Act, 1999 provides that "clauses (a) and (c) of sub-section (1) of section 9" do not apply to certification trade marks. A certification mark often consists of words describing the quality or origin it certifies, which would otherwise be refused as non-distinctive or customary.

The Act makes no similar exclusion for collective, sound or shape marks.