For valid attestation of an instrument under the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, it is necessary that

Under the definition of "attested" in section 3 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, each of two or more witnesses must sign the instrument in the presence of the executant, so "Each attesting witness must sign the instrument in the presence of the executant" is the essential requirement. Seeing the executant sign is not indispensable, because a witness may instead receive the executant's personal acknowledgment of his signature or mark. Nor does the Act require the executant to watch each witness sign; it requires only that the witness signs in his presence.