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Direction: The question has a main statement followed by four statements labelled 1, 2, 3, 4. Choose the ordered pair in which the first statement logically implies the second, given the main…

Question and options

Direction: The question has a main statement followed by four statements labelled 1, 2, 3, 4. Choose the ordered pair in which the first statement logically implies the second, given the main statement.
Main statement: When the going gets tough, the tough get going.
1. The tough are not going
2. The going is not at all that tough
3. We are going through difficult times
4. It is time for us to get tough
  1. 4, 3
  2. 2, 1
  3. 1, 2
  4. 1, 3

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: C - 1, 2
Main statement: if the going gets tough (P), the tough get going (Q). The valid inference is the contrapositive: if the tough are not going (1, not-Q), then the going is not tough (2, not-P), giving 1, 2. The pair 2, 1 denies the antecedent, 4, 3 reverses the conditional, and 1, 3 pairs not-Q with P, which contradicts the main statement.

Practice for these exams

  • CUSAT CAT Integrated IPR Ph.D.

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