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The maxim 'An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth' relates to which theory of punishment?

The maxim illustrates retribution, historically expressed as lex talionis or like-for-like punishment. Retributive theory justifies punishment by what the offender deserves…

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The maxim 'An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth' relates to which theory of punishment?

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Correct answer C

The maxim illustrates retribution, historically expressed as lex talionis or like-for-like punishment. Retributive theory justifies punishment by what the offender deserves in proportion to the wrong. Deterrence seeks to discourage future offending, prevention seeks to incapacitate the offender, and reform seeks rehabilitation.

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Option A

Incorrect. Reformative theory focuses on rehabilitating the offender.

Option B

Incorrect. Deterrent theory uses the prospect of punishment to discourage the offender or others from committing offences.

Option C

Correct. The ancient principle of lex talionis ('an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth') embodies the Retributive Theory of punishment, under which an offender deserves punishment proportionate to the moral wrong inflicted.

Option D

Incorrect. The Preventive Theory seeks to incapacitate the offender (e.g., by imprisonment or disqualification) to prevent repetition of the crime.

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