The Supreme Court has held in which of the following case/s, that under certain circumstances, even…

Both Vandana Shiva v Jayanta Bandhopadhyaya and Jijabai v Pathankhan support maternal guardianship while the father is living in the circumstances described. The word after in Section 6(a) is read as absence from the child's care, which can include indifference or inability rather than only death. Jijabai illustrates a living father who took no interest in the child, while the connected Vandana Shiva proceeding applied the broader guardianship interpretation.