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A and her father are Muslims. During his lifetime, A voluntarily accepts ₹10 lakh under a family…

Section 6(a) of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 bars transfer of a mere expectancy. Gulam Abbas v. Haji Kayyum Ali and Shehammal v. Hasan Khani Rawther distinguish a bare…

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A and her father are Muslims. During his lifetime, A voluntarily accepts ₹10 lakh under a family arrangement in full settlement of her expected share. She assures the other family members that she will honour the arrangement, and they act on that assurance. After her father's death she claims the same share. Which principle can bar her claim?

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Answer and explanation

Correct answer D

Section 6(a) of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 bars transfer of a mere expectancy. Gulam Abbas v. Haji Kayyum Ali and Shehammal v. Hasan Khani Rawther distinguish a bare renunciation from conduct that can estop an expectant heir who accepted consideration under an arrangement. The current statutory rule on estoppel is in Section 121 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023.

Option feedback

Option A

Incorrect. An expectancy before the father's death is not a vested share transferable under Section 6(a).

Option B

Incorrect. A unilateral offer to return the money does not automatically defeat estoppel.

Option C

Incorrect. The applicable legal principle is estoppel by conduct on the facts stated.

Option D

Correct. A voluntary, acted-on arrangement for consideration can support estoppel.

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