Within the meaning of Section 102 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, persons who may give…

Section 102 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (formerly section 99 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872) permits non-parties to a document, as distinct from its parties and their representatives in interest, to show a contemporaneous agreement varying its terms. The section’s illustration allows an affected third person to prove the oral credit agreement that cannot be shown between the contracting parties themselves. It is a limited third-party rule, not a general permission for contracting parties to bypass section 95.