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Which provision of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 can make a landowner or occupier liable for an…

Section 193(1) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 corresponds to former IPC section 154. It applies when an unlawful assembly or riot takes place on the land and can…

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Which provision of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 can make a landowner or occupier liable for an agent’s failure to fulfil statutory duties concerning an unlawful assembly or riot on that land?

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Correct answer C

Section 193(1) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 corresponds to former IPC section 154. It applies when an unlawful assembly or riot takes place on the land and can impose a fine of up to ₹1,000 on a qualifying owner, occupier or person interested in the land. The duties arise where the landholder or their agent or manager knows or has reason to believe the assembly or riot is being or has been committed, or has reason to believe it is likely. They concern prompt police notice and the use of lawful means to prevent or suppress the assembly or riot, as the circumstances require.

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Option A

Incorrect: Section 61(1) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (formerly Section 120A IPC) defines criminal conspiracy, which rests on personal agreement by each conspirator.

Option B

Incorrect: Section 147 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (formerly Section 121 IPC) punishes waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against the Government of India.

Option C

Section 193(1) covers failures by the landholder or their agent or manager to perform the reporting and preventive or suppression duties the section specifies.

Option D

Incorrect: Section 194(1) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (formerly Section 159 IPC) defines the offence of affray.

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