Which of the following is outside the application of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, while the…

Section 1(2) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (formerly section 1 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872) states that the Adhiniyam does not apply to affidavits presented to any Court or officer, so the "Affidavit" is outside its application. Statements of witnesses are oral evidence, and documents, including electronic or digital records, produced for the court's inspection are documentary evidence under section 2(1)(e). An affidavit may still be received where a procedural law permits it, such as CPC Order XIX.