When the Court has to form an opinion as to the electronic signature of any person, the opinion of the…

Section 47A of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 provides that when the court has to form an opinion as to the electronic signature of any person, the opinion of the Certifying Authority which issued the Electronic Signature Certificate is a "Relevant fact".

Relevance does not mean that the signature is thereby proved, and the opinion is not itself a fact in issue.

Current law: BSA section 41 retains the electronic-signature opinion rule. Electronic signature is not a new substitution introduced only by the 2023 law; that wording had already replaced digital signature under the earlier amendment.