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Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, which pair consists of inchoate offences that can each be…

Sections 45 and 46 recognise abetment by instigation even where the offence instigated is never attempted. Under section 61, an agreement to commit an offence can constitute…

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Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, which pair consists of inchoate offences that can each be complete before anyone attempts the target offence?

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Answer and explanation

Correct answer D

Sections 45 and 46 recognise abetment by instigation even where the offence instigated is never attempted.

Under section 61, an agreement to commit an offence can constitute criminal conspiracy without an act in pursuance of the agreement.

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Option A

Theft requires moving the property for the dishonest taking. Dacoity as defined in section 310(1) requires at least a conjoint attempted robbery.

Option B

Culpable homicide and murder both require that the relevant conduct cause death.

Option C

Kidnapping requires the specified conveying, taking or enticing. Abduction requires compelling or inducing a person to go from a place and is defined as conduct rather than a standalone punishable offence.

Option D

Instigation can be abetment even if the person instigated refuses. An agreement to commit an offence can itself constitute criminal conspiracy.

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