Under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), which of the following need not be signed by…

Under Section 181(1) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (formerly s.162(1) CrPC), no statement made by any person to a police officer in the course of an investigation under Chapter XIII (recorded under Section 180 BNSS, formerly s.161 CrPC) shall, if reduced to writing, be signed by the person making it. By contrast, the record of examination of an accused under Section 351 read with Section 316(4) BNSS (formerly s.313 read with s.281(5) CrPC), a first information report under Section 173(1) BNSS (formerly s.154(1) CrPC), and a confession recorded by a Magistrate under Section 183(4) BNSS (formerly s.164(4) CrPC) are all statutorily required to be signed by the maker.