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Under Sections 85 and 86 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the 'Cruelty' means and includes

Under Section 86 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (formerly the Explanation to section 498A IPC), cruelty for the purposes of Section 85 means wilful conduct likely to…

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Under Sections 85 and 86 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the 'Cruelty' means and includes

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Under Section 86 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (formerly the Explanation to section 498A IPC), cruelty for the purposes of Section 85 means wilful conduct likely to drive the woman to suicide or to cause grave injury or danger to her life, limb or health, mental or physical, and harassment to coerce her or her relatives to meet unlawful demands for property. It therefore includes "Both mental and physical torture", not "Only demand of dowry" or "Only physical torture".

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