Under section 41 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the right to private defence of property extends…

Robbery is itself an enumerated offence in section 41 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (formerly section 103 IPC) for which defence of property may extend to causing death, subject to section 37’s restrictions. Theft or mischief without more is not sufficient: the particular aggravated circumstances in the section must be established. Therefore robbery per se is the listed category, while the answer does not authorise disproportionate force or dispense with the statutory limitations. The other categories in section 41 are house-breaking after sunset and before sunrise, mischief by fire or any explosive substance on a building, tent or vessel used as a human dwelling or for the custody of property, and theft, mischief or house-trespass in circumstances reasonably causing apprehension of death or grievous hurt.