Under Section 1(5) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the extra-territorial application of the…

Under Section 1(5) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (corresponding to erstwhile Section 4 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860), the provisions of the Sanhita apply to any offence committed by: (a) any citizen of India in any place without and beyond India; (b) any person on any ship or aircraft registered in India wherever it may be; and (c) any person in any place without and beyond India committing an offence targeting a computer resource located in India. Options limiting extra-territorial jurisdiction to only one or two of these three clauses are incomplete and therefore incorrect.