Under Indian evidence law, a husband or wife is a competent witness for or against the other in which proceedings?
Question and options
Under Indian evidence law, a husband or wife is a competent witness for or against the other in which proceedings?
Civil proceedings only
Criminal proceedings only
Both civil and criminal proceedings
Neither civil nor criminal proceedings
Answer and explanation
Section 126 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) recognises competency in civil proceedings and in criminal proceedings against a spouse. Competency is distinct from the marital-communications privilege in section 128; being a competent witness does not make every communication admissible.
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