The evidence of contents of the information recorded or stored in a computer may be given through…

Both are express conditions in section 65B(2)(c)–(d): any malfunction must not affect the record or its accuracy, and its information must reproduce or derive from information fed in during ordinary activities. The provision also contains other requirements; these two alone do not establish every condition of admissibility.

Current law: Anvar P. V. v. P. K. Basheer (18 September 2014) overruled Navjot Sandhu's alternative general-secondary-evidence route for electronic copies; Arjun Panditrao (2020) clarified the certificate requirement and the distinct treatment of original electronic records. BSA section 63 retains the listed reliability conditions, expressly covers communication devices and expands the certificate framework with a prescribed Schedule. Section 170 saves qualifying pending matters under the old Act.