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Several copies of a typed letter are produced simultaneously through carbon paper. Only the top sheet is later signed in ink. For proving the common typed contents, rather than the separately added…

Question and options

Several copies of a typed letter are produced simultaneously through carbon paper. Only the top sheet is later signed in ink. For proving the common typed contents, rather than the separately added signature, how are the other sheets classified under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023?

  1. Primary documentary evidence of the common typed contents.

  2. Secondary documentary evidence only, despite simultaneous production.

  3. Inadmissible documents merely because they lack the later ink signature.

  4. Oral evidence of the contents of the signed sheet.

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: A - Primary documentary evidence of the common typed contents.

Section 57, Explanation 3, treats documents made by one uniform process as primary evidence of each other’s contents. Simultaneously produced carbon copies can therefore prove their common typed text as primary evidence. This does not prove a signature added only to a different sheet.

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