Section 168 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 deals with –

Section 168 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (formerly section 165 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872) empowers the judge to ask questions and order the production of documents or things to discover or obtain proper proof of relevant facts. This gives the judge an active role in finding the truth, beyond the parties' examination of witnesses. The eventual judgment must still rest on relevant facts duly proved, and the section preserves specified privileges and evidentiary safeguards.