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“Qui facit per alium facit per se” is the essence of one of the following principles of criminal…

The maxim means that a person who acts through another is treated as acting personally, which expresses vicarious liability. It concerns attribution of another person's act,…

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“Qui facit per alium facit per se” is the essence of one of the following principles of criminal liability:

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Correct answer C

The maxim means that a person who acts through another is treated as acting personally, which expresses vicarious liability. It concerns attribution of another person's act, unlike strict liability, which concerns whether fault must be proved. Criminal law does not impose vicarious liability merely because an employment relationship exists; a legal basis for that attribution is required.

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