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P instigates Q to cause the death of R. P gives a gun to Q to shoot at R. Q shoots at R in the presence…

Q commits the murder by shooting R. P has already abetted the killing by instigating Q and supplying the gun, and P is present when the offence occurs. Section 54 of the…

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P instigates Q to cause the death of R. P gives a gun to Q to shoot at R. Q shoots at R in the presence of P causing R's death. Which one of the following statement is correct?

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Correct answer B

Q commits the murder by shooting R. P has already abetted the killing by instigating Q and supplying the gun, and P is present when the offence occurs. Section 54 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (formerly section 114 IPC) treats such a present abettor as having committed the offence, so both P and Q are liable for murder; mere presence without prior abetment would not establish the same rule.

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