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In which provisions of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 has the principle of the "Expiatory theory" of…

The expiatory theory of punishment rests on self-realization, isolation, and penitence by the offender. In the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, this principle is reflected in…

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In which provisions of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 has the principle of the "Expiatory theory" of punishment been incorporated?

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The expiatory theory of punishment rests on self-realization, isolation, and penitence by the offender. In the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, this principle is reflected in Sections 11 and 12 (formerly Sections 73 and 74 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860), which provide for solitary confinement and its maximum limits. By contrast, Section 8 governs fines and default of payment, Section 9 limits punishment for offences made up of several offences, and Section 13 provides enhanced punishment after previous conviction.

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