For the purposes of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, Shyam can be said to be acquainted with the…

Shyam having seen Ramesh write directly establishes acquaintance with his handwriting under the Explanation to section 41(1) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (formerly section 47 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872). Merely seeing letters addressed to someone else, or applications said to be written by Ramesh, does not by itself establish the specified business familiarity. The Act also recognises familiarity through replies to one's own correspondence or documents habitually submitted in ordinary business, but those facts are not supplied.