'A' takes a photo of a famous actress who was bathing at the sea beach without asking her. Which of the…

Under Section 77 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (formerly Section 354C IPC), voyeurism requires watching or capturing the image of a woman engaging in a "private act" in circumstances where she would usually have the expectation of not being observed, and Explanation 1 defines a "private act" as one carried out in a place reasonably expected to provide privacy. Bathing at an open sea beach takes place in public without that statutory expectation of privacy, and taking a single photograph without physical contact, advances, or repeated following does not constitute sexual harassment (Section 75) or stalking (Section 78); hence, 'A' has not committed any offence.