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A party offers the original analogue tape of a conversation. The tape is audible, has been preserved…

The Supreme Court in R. M. Malkani v. State of Maharashtra required relevance, voice identification and proof of the recording’s accuracy. The question establishes accuracy…

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A party offers the original analogue tape of a conversation. The tape is audible, has been preserved securely, and its accuracy and freedom from tampering are established. What else must be shown for admission on these facts?

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Answer and explanation

Correct answer D

The Supreme Court in R. M. Malkani v. State of Maharashtra required relevance, voice identification and proof of the recording’s accuracy.

The question establishes accuracy and integrity. Relevance and voice identification remain to be shown.

Option feedback

Option A

Importance to the recorder does not establish legal relevance or identify the speaker.

Option B

Favouring either party does not substitute for relevance and identification.

Option C

Relevance alone does not establish whose voice was recorded.

Option D

Both relevance and identification of the voice are required in addition to the established foundation.

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