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A, a shopkeeper, to protect his own money says to B, who manages his business- "Sell nothing to Z…

Under the Ninth Exception to section 356(1) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (formerly Exception 9 to s.499 IPC), an imputation made in good faith for the protection of…

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A, a shopkeeper, to protect his own money says to B, who manages his business- "Sell nothing to Z unless he pays you ready money, for I have no good opinion of his honesty." A is

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Under the Ninth Exception to section 356(1) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (formerly Exception 9 to s.499 IPC), an imputation made in good faith for the protection of the interests of the person making it, such as a shopkeeper's warning to his own manager about a customer's creditworthiness, is not defamation, so A is not liable. Section 83 concerns a marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage, and section 351 criminal intimidation.

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