Which of the following is an essential part of rule of law and independence of judiciary?

As held by the Supreme Court in landmark decisions such as Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India (AIR 1980 SC 1789), S.P. Sampath Kumar v. Union of India (AIR 1987 SC 386), and L. Chandra Kumar v. Union of India (AIR 1997 SC 1125), judicial review is a basic and essential feature of the Constitution of India and an indispensable component of the rule of law and the independence of the judiciary. Through judicial review under Articles 32 and 226, independent constitutional courts ensure that legislative and executive actions remain within constitutional boundaries. Advisory jurisdiction (Article 143), original jurisdiction in federal disputes (Article 131), and the parliamentary removal procedure for judges are specific constitutional provisions rather than the overarching mechanism that enforces the rule of law across state action.