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Which of the following categories of law are covered by Article 31A(1)(a) of the Constitution of India, subject to that article’s conditions? I. Acquisition by the State of an estate or rights in…

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Which of the following categories of law are covered by Article 31A(1)(a) of the Constitution of India, subject to that article’s conditions?
I. Acquisition by the State of an estate or rights in it.
II. Extinguishment of rights in an estate.
III. Modification of rights in an estate.

  1. I only

  2. I and II only

  3. II and III only

  4. I, II and III

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: D - I, II and III

All three listed categories (I, II and III) are covered by Article 31A(1)(a) of the Constitution of India: acquisition by the State of any estate or of any rights therein, and the extinguishment or modification of any such rights. Its protection remains conditional; not every acquisition is automatically immune from review.

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