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Which Article expressly includes rules, regulations, bye-laws and notifications within its definition of law for purposes of reviewing inconsistency with fundamental rights?

Question and options

Which Article expressly includes rules, regulations, bye-laws and notifications within its definition of law for purposes of reviewing inconsistency with fundamental rights?

  1. Article 14

  2. Article 12

  3. Article 32

  4. Article 13

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: D - Article 13

Article 13(3)(a) of the Constitution defines "law" to include any Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usage having the force of law, so all of these can be struck down under Article 13(2) for inconsistency with fundamental rights. Article 12 defines "the State", not "law".

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