The institution of ombudsman was firstly initiated in the year 1809 by:

The modern ombudsman began in Sweden, whose Constitution of 1809 created the Justitieombudsman, an officer appointed by Parliament to look into citizens' complaints against officials. The idea later spread to Finland, Denmark, New Zealand and the United Kingdom (the Parliamentary Commissioner, 1967); France's Mediator dates only from 1973. In India it inspired the Lokpal and Lokayukta institutions.