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By which of the following, the word 'armed rebellion' was added to the Constitution to declare a…

Under Section 37 of the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978 (effective 20 June 1979), the ground of 'internal disturbance' in Article 352(1) of the Constitution…

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By which of the following, the word 'armed rebellion' was added to the Constitution to declare a national emergency?

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Answer and explanation

Correct answer C

Under Section 37 of the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978 (effective 20 June 1979), the ground of 'internal disturbance' in Article 352(1) of the Constitution for proclaiming a National Emergency was substituted with the words 'armed rebellion' to prevent misuse of emergency powers.

Option feedback

Option A

Incorrect. The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 enabled the proclamation of emergency in a part of the territory of India under Article 352, but did not substitute 'armed rebellion'.

Option B

Incorrect. The 38th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1975 inserted clauses regarding the satisfaction of the President in Article 352, which were later modified by the 44th Amendment.

Option C

Correct. Section 37 of the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978 (with effect from 20 June 1979) substituted the words 'armed rebellion' for the words 'internal disturbance' in Article 352 of the Constitution.

Option D

Incorrect. The 39th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1975 related to election disputes involving high constitutional functionaries and Ninth Schedule entries, not Article 352.

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