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Article 243M of the Constitution of India keeps Part IX (the Panchayats) away from several areas. Which of these exclusions is made by clause (1) of the Article, rather than by its later clauses?

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Article 243M of the Constitution of India keeps Part IX (the Panchayats) away from several areas. Which of these exclusions is made by clause (1) of the Article, rather than by its later clauses?

  1. The States of Nagaland, Meghalaya and Mizoram

  2. The Scheduled Areas and the tribal areas referred to in Article 244

  3. The hill areas of Manipur for which District Councils exist

  4. The hill areas of Darjeeling under the Gorkha Hill Council

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: B - The Scheduled Areas and the tribal areas referred to in Article 244

Article 243M(1) excludes the Scheduled Areas referred to in Article 244(1) and the tribal areas referred to in Article 244(2), and Article 243M(4)(b) lets Parliament extend Part IX to them by law, as it did for Scheduled Areas through the PESA Act, 1996. Nagaland, Meghalaya and Mizoram and the Manipur hill areas with District Councils are excluded by clause (2), and clause (3) only keeps district-level Panchayats out of the Darjeeling hill areas under the Gorkha Hill Council.

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