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Around 2013, in what context was the term 'judicial overreach' commonly used?

Question and options

Around 2013, in what context was the term 'judicial overreach' commonly used?
  1. The powers of judiciary to bring to justice even the citizens of India outside India, for instance through the extra-territorial operation of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (formerly the Indian Penal Code).
  2. The expanding realm of public interest litigation and judicial activism in India.
  3. The jurisdiction of judiciary on MNCs, as seen in the Bhopal gas leak case where the subsidiary of a company incorporated in the United States had to submit to the jurisdiction of courts in India.
  4. The High Court in a state of the union hearing a matter falling in the territorial jurisdiction of another state's High Court

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: B - The expanding realm of public interest litigation and judicial activism in India.
'Judicial overreach' describes courts going beyond their constitutional limits into executive and legislative areas, a criticism raised against the expanding use of public interest litigation and judicial activism in India. The other options describe ordinary questions of jurisdiction, not overreach.

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