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According to Article 254 of the Constitution of India, portions of State law repugnant to a Central law…

In "M. Karunanidhi v. Union of India (1979)" the Supreme Court summarised the tests of repugnancy under Article 254: direct inconsistency, an irreconcilable conflict, or…

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According to Article 254 of the Constitution of India, portions of State law repugnant to a Central law in the concurrent sphere become invalid. In which case was the test of repugnancy summarized?
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In "M. Karunanidhi v. Union of India (1979)" the Supreme Court summarised the tests of repugnancy under Article 254: direct inconsistency, an irreconcilable conflict, or Parliament intending to occupy the whole field. Mere possibility of overlap is not enough where both laws can operate together. The other cases dealt with natural justice (Swadeshi Cotton Mills), executive power (Ram Jawaya Kapur) and bank nationalisation (R.C. Cooper).

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